Count Objects Crossing the Line¶

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Click the Open in Colab button to run the cookbook on Google Colab.

Before you start¶

Let's make sure that we have access to GPU. We can use nvidia-smi command to do that. In case of any problems navigate to Edit -> Notebook settings -> Hardware accelerator, set it to GPU, and then click Save.

In [1]:

!nvidia-smi

!nvidia-smi

Mon Feb 12 13:03:38 2024       
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 535.104.05             Driver Version: 535.104.05   CUDA Version: 12.2     |
|-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                      |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla T4                       Off | 00000000:00:04.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   48C    P8              10W /  70W |      0MiB / 15360MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                      |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                         
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                            |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                            GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                             Usage      |
|=======================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

NOTE: To make it easier for us to manage datasets, images and models we create a HOME constant.

In [2]:

import os
HOME = os.getcwd()
print(HOME)

import os HOME = os.getcwd() print(HOME)

/content

Install required packages¶

In this cookbook, we'll leverage two Python packages - ultralytics for running object detection, and supervision for tracking, visualizing detections, and crucially, counting objects that cross a line.

In [ ]:

!pip install -q ultralytics supervision==0.18.0

!pip install -q ultralytics supervision==0.18.0

Imports¶

In [4]:

import numpy as np
import supervision as sv

from ultralytics import YOLO
from supervision.assets import download_assets, VideoAssets

import numpy as np import supervision as sv from ultralytics import YOLO from supervision.assets import download_assets, VideoAssets

Download video¶

As an example input video, we will use one of the videos available in supervision.assets. Supervision offers an assets download utility that allows you to download video files that you can use in your demos.

In [ ]:

download_assets(VideoAssets.VEHICLES)

download_assets(VideoAssets.VEHICLES)

NOTE: If you want to run the cookbook using your own file as input, simply upload video to Google Colab and replace SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH with the path to your file.

In [6]:

SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH = f"{HOME}/vehicles.mp4"

SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH = f"{HOME}/vehicles.mp4"

As a result of executing the above commands, you will download a video file and save it at the SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH. Keep in mind that the video preview below works only in the web version of the cookbooks and not in Google Colab.

Read single frame from video¶

The get_video_frames_generator enables us to easily iterate over video frames. Let's create a video generator for our sample input file and display its first frame on the screen.

In [7]:

generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH)
frame = next(generator)

sv.plot_image(frame, (12, 12))

generator = sv.get_video_frames_generator(SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH) frame = next(generator) sv.plot_image(frame, (12, 12))

We can also use VideoInfo.from_video_path to learn basic information about our video, such as duration, resolution, or FPS.

In [8]:

sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH)

sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH)

Out[8]:

VideoInfo(width=3840, height=2160, fps=25, total_frames=538)

Run Object Detection¶

Let's start by running the detection model on the first frame and annotating the results. In this cookbook, we use Ultralytics YOLOv8, but it can be successfully replaced with other models.

We initiate the model and perform detection on the first frame of the video. Then, we convert the result into a sv.Detections object, which will be useful in the later parts of the cookbook.

In [9]:

model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt")

results = model(frame, verbose=False)[0]
detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)

model = YOLO("yolov8x.pt") results = model(frame, verbose=False)[0] detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)

Downloading https://github.com/ultralytics/assets/releases/download/v8.1.0/yolov8x.pt to 'yolov8x.pt'...

100%|██████████| 131M/131M [00:00<00:00, 241MB/s]

The results we've obtained can be easily visualized with sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator. By default, this annotator uses the same color to highlight objects of the same category. However, with the integration of a tracker, it becomes possible to assign unique colors to each tracked object. We can easily define our own color palettes and adjust parameters such as line thickness, allowing for a highly tailored visualization experience.

In [10]:

bounding_box_annotator = sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator(thickness=4)
annotated_frame = bounding_box_annotator.annotate(frame.copy(), detections)
sv.plot_image(annotated_frame, (12, 12))

bounding_box_annotator = sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator(thickness=4) annotated_frame = bounding_box_annotator.annotate(frame.copy(), detections) sv.plot_image(annotated_frame, (12, 12))

Improve Visualizations¶

Supervision annotators can be easily combined with one another. Let's enhance our visualization by adding sv.LabelAnnotator, which we will use to mark detections with a label indicating their category and confidence level.

In [12]:

labels = [
    f"{results.names[class_id]} {confidence:0.2f}"
    for class_id, confidence
    in zip(detections.class_id, detections.confidence)
]

bounding_box_annotator = sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator(thickness=4)
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_thickness=4, text_scale=2)

annotated_frame = frame.copy()
annotated_frame = bounding_box_annotator.annotate(annotated_frame, detections)
annotated_frame = label_annotator.annotate(annotated_frame, detections, labels)
sv.plot_image(annotated_frame, (12, 12))

labels = [ f"{results.names[class_id]} {confidence:0.2f}" for class_id, confidence in zip(detections.class_id, detections.confidence) ] bounding_box_annotator = sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator(thickness=4) label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_thickness=4, text_scale=2) annotated_frame = frame.copy() annotated_frame = bounding_box_annotator.annotate(annotated_frame, detections) annotated_frame = label_annotator.annotate(annotated_frame, detections, labels) sv.plot_image(annotated_frame, (12, 12))

Define Line Position¶

To set the position of sv.LineZone, we need to define the start and end points. The position of each point is defined as a pair of coordinates (x, y). The origin of the coordinate system is located in the top-left corner of the frame. The x axis runs from left to right, and the y axis runs from top to bottom.

I decided to place my line horizontally, at the midpoint of the frame's height. I obtained the full dimensions of the frame using sv.VideoInfo.

In [14]:

sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH)

sv.VideoInfo.from_video_path(SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH)

Out[14]:

VideoInfo(width=3840, height=2160, fps=25, total_frames=538)

The line we've created, together with the in_count and out_count, can be elegantly visualized using sv.LineZoneAnnotator. This tool also allows for extensive customization options; we can alter the color of both the line and the text, opt to hide the in/out counts, and adjust the labels. By default, the labels are set to in and out, but they can be tailored to fit the context of our project, providing a clear and intuitive display of object movement across the designated line.

In [22]:

START = sv.Point(0, 1500)
END = sv.Point(3840, 1500)

line_zone = sv.LineZone(start=START, end=END)

line_zone_annotator = sv.LineZoneAnnotator(
    thickness=4,
    text_thickness=4,
    text_scale=2)

annotated_frame = frame.copy()
annotated_frame = line_zone_annotator.annotate(annotated_frame, line_counter=line_zone)
sv.plot_image(annotated_frame, (12, 12))

START = sv.Point(0, 1500) END = sv.Point(3840, 1500) line_zone = sv.LineZone(start=START, end=END) line_zone_annotator = sv.LineZoneAnnotator( thickness=4, text_thickness=4, text_scale=2) annotated_frame = frame.copy() annotated_frame = line_zone_annotator.annotate(annotated_frame, line_counter=line_zone) sv.plot_image(annotated_frame, (12, 12))

Process Video¶

In [18]:

byte_tracker = sv.ByteTrack()

byte_tracker = sv.ByteTrack()

For an even better visualization, we will add another annotator - sv.TraceAnnotator, which allows for drawing the path traversed by each object over the last few frames. We will use it in combination with sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator and sv.LabelAnnotator, which we became familiar with earlier.

In [17]:

bounding_box_annotator = sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator(thickness=4)
label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_thickness=4, text_scale=2)
trace_annotator = sv.TraceAnnotator(thickness=4)

bounding_box_annotator = sv.BoundingBoxAnnotator(thickness=4) label_annotator = sv.LabelAnnotator(text_thickness=4, text_scale=2) trace_annotator = sv.TraceAnnotator(thickness=4)

All the operations we plan to perform for each frame of our video - detection, tracking, annotation, and counting - are encapsulated in a function named callback.

In [19]:

def callback(frame: np.ndarray, index:int) -> np.ndarray:
    results = model(frame, verbose=False)[0]
    detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results)
    detections = byte_tracker.update_with_detections(detections)

    labels = [
        f"#{tracker_id} {model.model.names[class_id]} {confidence:0.2f}"
        for confidence, class_id, tracker_id
        in zip(detections.confidence, detections.class_id, detections.tracker_id)
    ]

    annotated_frame = frame.copy()
    annotated_frame = trace_annotator.annotate(
        scene=annotated_frame,
        detections=detections)
    annotated_frame = bounding_box_annotator.annotate(
        scene=annotated_frame,
        detections=detections)
    annotated_frame = label_annotator.annotate(
        scene=annotated_frame,
        detections=detections,
        labels=labels)

    line_zone.trigger(detections)

    return  line_zone_annotator.annotate(annotated_frame, line_counter=line_zone)

def callback(frame: np.ndarray, index:int) -> np.ndarray: results = model(frame, verbose=False)[0] detections = sv.Detections.from_ultralytics(results) detections = byte_tracker.update_with_detections(detections) labels = [ f"#{tracker_id} {model.model.names[class_id]} {confidence:0.2f}" for confidence, class_id, tracker_id in zip(detections.confidence, detections.class_id, detections.tracker_id) ] annotated_frame = frame.copy() annotated_frame = trace_annotator.annotate( scene=annotated_frame, detections=detections) annotated_frame = bounding_box_annotator.annotate( scene=annotated_frame, detections=detections) annotated_frame = label_annotator.annotate( scene=annotated_frame, detections=detections, labels=labels) line_zone.trigger(detections) return line_zone_annotator.annotate(annotated_frame, line_counter=line_zone)

Finally, we are ready to process our entire video. We will use sv.process_video and pass to it the previously defined SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH, TARGET_VIDEO_PATH, and callback.

In [21]:

TARGET_VIDEO_PATH = f"{HOME}/count-objects-crossing-the-line-result.mp4"

TARGET_VIDEO_PATH = f"{HOME}/count-objects-crossing-the-line-result.mp4"

In [20]:

sv.process_video(
    source_path = SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH,
    target_path = TARGET_VIDEO_PATH,
    callback=callback
)

sv.process_video( source_path = SOURCE_VIDEO_PATH, target_path = TARGET_VIDEO_PATH, callback=callback )

Keep in mind that the video preview below works only in the web version of the cookbooks and not in Google Colab.